Gustav the railway gun12/21/2023 Top-carriage recoil is where the gun is mounted in an upper carriage that moves on wheels on fixed rails. This is the most common method used for lighter railroad guns and for virtually all field artillery designed after the French introduced their Canon de 75 modèle 1897. It is returned to battery, or the firing position, by either helical springs or by air in a pneumatic recuperator cylinder that is compressed by the force of recoil. There are four primary methods to absorb the recoil force for railway guns: cradle recoil, top-carriage recoil, sliding recoil and rolling recoil.Ĭradle recoil means that the gun recoils backward in its cradle, retarded and stopped by hydraulic buffers. This French 274 mm howitzer used a combination of top-cradle and sliding recoil. The jacked-down sleepers are visible at full-size. This French 320 mm railway gun uses sliding recoil. Ĭradle recoil (top) top carriage recoil (second) sliding recoil (third) rolling recoil (bottom) The American post- World War I assessment of railway artillery considered that the utility of even a small amount of traverse for fine adjustments was high enough that either of the two latter traversing methods is preferable to a fixed mount. With few exceptions these types of mounts require some number of outriggers, stabilizers, or earth anchors to keep them in place against the recoil forces and are generally more suitable for smaller guns. This usually requires the gun to be mounted on a central pivot which, in turn, is mounted on the car body. The third choice is to allow the separate gun mount to rotate with respect to the rail car body, known as a top-carriage traversing mount. The design of the foundation is the only limit to the amount of traverse allowed in this latter case. Generally this is limited to a few degrees of traverse to either side unless an elaborate foundation is built with a center pivot and traversing rollers. The second is to traverse the rail car body on its trucks, known as a car-traversing mount. The first method of traverse is to rely entirely on movement along a curved section of track or on a turntable with no provision to traverse the gun on its mount. Non-traversing (top) car traversing mount (middle) top carriage traversing mount (bottom)īritish 12-inch Mk V howitzers on top-carriage traversing mounts, traversed 90°, WWII moved from side to side to aim how the horizontal component of the recoil force will be absorbed by the gun's carriage and how the vertical recoil force will be absorbed by the ground. Namely how the gun is going to be traversed - i.e. The design of a railway gun has three issues over and above those of an ordinary artillery piece to consider.
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